The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Land reclamation is a common problem in the cities. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. This situation had led to the loss of many species. This situation affects the fish survival and population. However, their predicament began when a company known as Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine Limited commenced sand filling project at Lagos Lagoon, at the foot of Third Mainland Bridge at Oworonshoki. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. It is the responsibility of the Government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . 1 However, this right to own immovable property like every other right is not absolute but subject to certain qualifications. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Land reclamation is the process of constructing fabricated land from oceans, seas, rivers and lake beds. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. The next kind of management is human management [19]. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. Another importance of land reclamation in Nigeria is that it can be used to create artificial islands where they have not existed before. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. Probably half of The Netherlands is a reclaimed land from the sea. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. I have this example for you. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. Effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings expanse of land reclamation is gradually posing negative on! Areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging emigrations the town no longer has enough space to the. Coastal vegetation e.g large expanse of land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due unplanned... 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