Unfortunately, there will always be zoning rules to follow, no matter how many houses you want to build. Zoning laws are different from one county or city to another, and it's critical that you check the zoning laws on your property to make sure the property can be used for a mobile home. As the country got older, more and more restrictions were in place. ft. 345 County Road 6845, Lytle, TX 78052 $145,000 MLS# 1648628 NEWER Mobile Home- NO HOA- on 0.77 acres per the tax records in the rapid growing city of. When your guests do this, they are promoting your campground as well. But, lot sizes tend to be much larger than what you need to build a tiny house. Yet their journey to success was different than if they were to have franchised their RV park. Many towns will be where you will be getting your water and power from. Questions About BiggerPockets & Official Site Announcements, Home Owner Association (HOA) Issues & Problems, Real Estate Technology, Social Media, and Blogging, BRRRR - Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat, Real Estate Development & New Home Construction, Real Estate Wholesaling Questions & Answers, Rent to Own a.k.a. $234,900 Last Sold Price. Because of the hazards that come with a swimming pool. It might just be what youre looking for! The second interpretation asks how many mobile homes are allowed to be on a single acre based on local regulations. For example, KOA requires their franchise owners to have a minimum of 70 to 90 campsites. Ft. 62 County Road 3562, New Caney, TX 77357. Approximately 27 percent of new manufactured homes are placed in a community. On average, the numbers are 5 to 9 units per acre. However, it isnt just because they worry about their town becoming an eye-sore. We have all seen those small towns that have yards that resemble junkyards with broken-down cars and furniture spread across the lawn. You can see some examples below of RV Park's use of spaces: Besides complying with the maximum number of RVs per acre, you must also know that the minimum RV park size is five net acres and the minimum required area per RV is 900 square feet. For example: if your lot measures 10 acres with one side being 100 yards long, then there are about 2,700 sq. Other lenders may offer a better rate, but the tradeoff could be increased business and marketing opportunities. They may have a minimum requirement that must be met. Our neighborhood is Travis Settlement. The following infographic includes data provided in summary earlier in the post and expands on information gathered from our surveys and data from other reliable sources. ATX Staycation. February 2, 2022. Certain cabling and ports must be used.There are companies you can contact to set up your cable throughout the RV park. Mobile homes are a popular type of housing in the United States. 3 Beds. If youre looking to put how many mobile homes on your land, how much space will each take-up? Obviously, I'll have to pay for the following: - any leveling of land, which is mostly level already. Some owners have worked with companies that can make literature to hand out at RV shows and other events. The chief difference is that when a mobile home is moved, it cannot be towed across the tank, since the tank will collapse under the weight. The average cost per square foot for a manufactured home is $72.46. This article was written by Legal Beagle staff. These pillars simultaneously support your mobile home and keep it off the dirt and give it the anchoring it needs to not be moved by the elements. Some consider this to be another way for the local government to have more control over the people. Some include Loop Net, RV Park Store, and Parks and Places. Pete has been working in the trades since high school, where he first developed a passion for woodworking. 2 Baths. Copyright 2017-2021 MHVillage.com. In the lease agreement, you need to ensure that the rules are laid out for how to deal with a residents request for repairs, and what to do if they damage the property. While this makes it hard for multiple traditional homes to be built on one lot, it is good news for tiny houses. For additional appeal, you may want to pay attention to the interior design. The required acreage needed for an RV park depends on a few different things. ft. that can be used to build a house which means you would have enough room for two lots of this size! This is why it is so important to only build within your local laws. This will then be emptied regularly by a professional company.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'justdownsize_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_15',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-justdownsize_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); You have to think in advance of the various services that you can offer and that would be interesting arguments to attract visitors. Read More: How to Write a Mobile Home Purchase Agreement. This has little to do with the government having control and more to do with safety. Can you legally build more than one house on a single lot? For Sale: 2 beds, 2 baths 820 sq. However, there are many restrictions and rules to keep in mind. "How many mobile homes can you put per acre in Morgan county al ? This scenario provides ample parking on-site, compactly. Or how many mobile homes are allowed on 3 - Answered by a verified Real Estate Lawyer . Your building plans may have to go through the approval process with the municipality before your break ground. It would be a good idea to work with your town when it comes to planning how you will provide water to each house. Clean restrooms that look comfortable are a benefit that your guests will enjoy. This is good for the health of your residents, both physically and mentally as swimming also cuts back on stress. This way, when the time comes to plan for the build, you will be much more prepared. This does not mean, however, that you wont be able to build multiple homes either. As the founder of House Grail, Pete's primary goal is to help consumers make educated decisions about DIY projects at home, in the garage, and in the garden. They could require one central dumping station, or allow sewer hook up on each site. There will be days without a visitor. Without any spaces between the mobile homes, you can get about 36 mobile homes of this size onto one acre of land. . His focus has been on sales and customer relations - making sure each person in the transaction is comfortable and fully transparent. Single family, detached homes; Front-facing with walkable streets; One or two story homes; Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information To find out how many mobile homes can fit on an acre of land, we recommend taking the size of your lots dimensions and dividing it by 43,560 square feet. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set If you have any questions, please reach out to us on our contact us page. Show publisher information He has a wife and one son. I'm just curious as to the pitfalls of starting a "park" (or just a bunch of MH lots with power and water with meters)on my 4 acres. Hidden Austin 2012. Youre probably here because youre looking to invest in a mobile home park. Also, you may have to do things their way. The point of these laws is to ensure that mobile home communities provide enough space and livable conditions for mobile home residents. For example, are you looking to build a park for seniors? The point of these laws is to ensure that mobile home communities provide enough space and livable conditions for mobile home residents. Because they are factory manufactured, mobile homes are considerably less expensive than regular homes. They can have a very detailed list of requirements that must be met. Tennessee Laws for Private Swimming Pools, How to Write a Mobile Home Purchase Agreement, All Manufactured Homes: Land Development Guide, Legal Beagle: How to Write a Mobile Home Purchase Agreement. Manufactured homes make up 9 percent of annual new home starts. This is good for cultivating a bond among neighbors. Called the "Texas Donut" Wrap, this is a four story structure in which housing wraps around a central parking structure. RV Life Pro is a suite of helpful resources to help you save time and money on your next RV trip. These zoning restrictions will give you a good idea of what to expect when it comes to common complications. All Rights Reserved. If not consider 1 acre per 2 units this makes it possible for people who dont have their vehicle access to get around without too much difficulty by walking between sites that are close together. It is very possible to put two mobile homes on one lot. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Follow Us: 2023 EZ Homes, all rights reserved. And while at times it can feel restraining, other times it can work in your favor. With the 1960s the mobile home began to morph into the housing we know today. Full paved roads that are close to the highway or main streets are more appealing. Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. A single acre of land has a square footage of 43,560 feet. Because youre hungry for information, youre on the right track towards a successful endeavor. Like cable setups, there are companies that can create your WiFi network. ft.), we will get about 14 units per acre which means you have enough room for 28 mobile home lots! Some areas have put restrictions on the size of a lot you can purchase. For campsite managers, they can create a service area without special authorization. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. One way that this is done is by putting limitations on the distance between homes. We are also keen on RVs and Boats! His other interests include astronomy, hiking, and fishing. You might be able to build multiple houses on one lot. We are curious too! Fascinated by all sort of tools, Pete loves reading and writing about all the latest gadgets and accessories that hit the market. Permit requirements may discuss hub placement and other details. To add to the appeal, landscaping options or the ability to add fire pits could benefit your RV park. The best thing you can do is reach out to your local city government and talk to city planning. They had to learn the business on their own. The number one reason I have found for this is that the town wants to uphold a certain image. not in any city limits just the county. Of course, it will be impossible to live inside these mobile homes since they will be touching one another. This is almost the ideal length of a motorhome. When it comes to connecting a home to a septic system, a mobile home and a site-built home connect same way. Many sellers post their land and developed RV parks on a number of websites. Another important consideration is how much space you need for your unit and how many other people live on the lot with you. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Having the privilege to dictate what happens on your property means that you have to work to protect it. A double-wide is going to be around 400 sq. This area must be large enough for the motorhome to position its drain valve. You have to assume that you may not become the number one campground in the country. (February 2, 2022). How many in City of Alabma if land is annexed? Then you may need rules on what ages are allowed to be residents of the park. This is why some investors chose to close down the community pool and seal it with concrete. Find mobile homes for sale with land in Texas including mobile homes on private land, owned trailer home lots, and manufactured home land packages. Here are all of the important rules and restrictions you should know about before attempting to build multiple homes on one lot. How Many Houses Can Fit On 1 Acre Assuming each house is 1000 sq ft per floor and there is no space between them, you could fit almost 44 single-family homes on an acre. This means that you can build multiple houses, but they will have to fit on a smaller lot. Many permit requirements give minimum measurements of how wide and how long each site should be. Zillow has 3 homes for sale in Mobile AL matching 10 Acres. -Data provided by Datacomp, MHVillage, Statistical Surveys, and the Manufactured Housing Institute. This is especially true since you will be filing all of your permits and paperwork with your local office. Before embarking on the creation of a private service area intended to accommodate motorhomes, it is essential to know the technical constraints related to this project:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'justdownsize_com-banner-1','ezslot_14',110,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-justdownsize_com-banner-1-0'); The clean water supply point must not be used for any other purpose: vehicle washing, dishes, laundry, toilet cassette rinsing, etc. RVers always prefer flat, stable surfaces to park their coaches on. Although this question sounds simple, there are two interpretations of what it asks. 4 ACRES IS TOO SMALL!" They have the experience to make sure that you are in compliance with the municipal rules.Over-the-air HD antennas still receive the signals of broadcast stations, but your guests would be happy to pay a little extra to receive the clear picture of cable. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Atx SXSW 2012. While this may. It is estimated that there are more mobile homes per acre than any other kind of home. There are an estimated 4.3 million manufactured home sites in the United States. In the United States, the average mobile home size is 1184 square feet. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. Inside Tracks. In this age of the internet, social media has become the best way to promote your RV Park. Thank you very much for the information. Texas is the second-largest state in the US by land area, with one of the most diverse climates in the country. Florida is the home of one of the first parks in the country, Parsley Trailer Park. To franchise with KOA, the minimum acreage is at least 10 acres of land. Pine Acre Trails is a new community in Conroe, TX. Some municipalities will limit the number of sites between 10-15. Tiny houses, on average, are only 150 square feet. In time, it will pay off!if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'justdownsize_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_18',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-justdownsize_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); 12-inch length RVs can park almost anywhere in the United States. ATX Green Living 2012. Every experience is different and at the end, we are all tourists of our own lives. The average cost of a campsite can be anywhere from $15,000 to $50,000 a piece. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. What is the average size of a mobile home? Any input like "DON'T DO IT! In many cases, it is legal to build additional houses on the same lot. Pine Acre Trails, located in 11085 Pine Acre Trails Blvd., Conroe, TX 77303 has 9 mobile homes for sale starting at $98,995 and 8 mobile homes for rent starting at $1,299 per month. SOLD FEB 9, 2023. A general rule of thumb is to have 10 sites per acre. If you plan on franchising with a major brand, their requirements can be higher. endstream endobj 260 0 obj <>/Metadata 17 0 R/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 257 0 R/StructTreeRoot 172 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 261 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 262 0 obj <>stream With only up to nine mobile homes per acre, the residents have plenty of space to park, drive, and play safely. We wont lie its not going to be easy, but it also doesnt have to be overly complicated with the right knowledge in tow. However, we hope our answer gave you a clearer idea of a ballpark estimate on what to expect. It can be hard to understand why the laws wouldnt allow you to build on your own property. Many campers are cutting the cord with traditional TV and internet connections. This is another example of the way the government tries to insert control while leaving loopholes wide open! The average mobile home lot size is about an acre. #9 Convenience Store and Other Permanent Structures, Inexpensive RV Remodeling Ideas For A Fresh New Look. Get A Quick Cash Offer For Your Mobile Home. What do all those colors mean and which wire does what? Manage Settings 2 Baths. Her advice to those who are looking to own their own park is to get friendly with the local lenders. Because there are two possible interpretations to this question, lets answer each question separately. Once you visit your clerks office, you will have a better understanding of what you will be able to do. Most likely, the number will fall between five mobile homes and nine mobile homes. This buildable plan is a 4 bedroom, 2 bathroom, 1,890 sqft mobile/manufactured and was listed by Sun Homes Manufactured on Feb 28, 2023. As we have said, you can usually fit between 5 and 9 mobile homes into an acre of land. Is having a community pool a good idea? Community Living How many manufactured homes are there, and how many go to communities? So what is the standard on how many mobile homes per acre? On average, most states allow anywhere from five to nine mobile homes per acre. Second, youll need to take care of maintenance; otherwise, a pool could quickly become a hazard to the entire community. Dont worry Im here to help! First, a community pool encourages more physical activity among park residents. This has led to many people wanting to know what they can do with the extra space of the lot. real estate business from buying two houses per year to Published on November 27th, 2019 by ContributorThis post was updated on April 14th, 2021. * Eight single-family dwelling units per acre. We have answers to the above questions and more. This is where the name "mobile home" finally came into play. The last thing you would want to do is overwhelm the system. Because of the hazards that come with a swimming pool, the cost of liability insurance is real. In this book, author and investor However, its important to consult the local authorities about the rules for spacing between the houses and issues about how big a lot you can purchase. There will be some dissatisfaction. Robert mckee said on October 30, 2015. The government has a funny way of restricting you without you even knowing it. . What is the minimum you need to be filled regularly to keep you financially solvent? They can be as long as 40 feet and have multiple slide-outs. However, most of the steps will still be the same. Many municipal regulations cover all types of issues. Judging by the numbers from our 2022 State of the Industry report on manufactured housing industry trends and statistics section, manufactured housing continues to meet the need for for affordable housing in the U.S., and there continues to be positive signs for growth. Usually, you will find those franchise requirements exceed municipal permit requirements. This venture can add up into the $1-3 million range depending on your acreage size. Is there a set standard? To learn more about how many mobile homes can fit on an acre and get an estimate based on United States statistics, keep reading. I'm considering packing it tight with MH lots and renting them out like a MH park. The duration of parking is limited to one night, renewable if necessary. Copyright 2023 House Grail. The U.S. has approximately 43,000 manufactured home communities. Each location on the ground must be stabilized and have a minimum surface area of 35m. In order to find out how many mobile homes can fit on an acre of land, you need to know how much space is needed per home. Modifying your lot so that a septic system can be installed is often a time-consuming and costly process that negates much of the savings from buying a mobile home in the first place. 0 You must know the rules and comply with the law in your state. However, this doesnt mean that you cant build multiple homes either. If you decide to offer Cable TV, permitted requirements may be applied. So, if your town only allows for a half-acre lot, you still have plenty of room to build a few tiny houses. 8@.=` FeF.u)5)+110fb`@,0:0n i_ Your Property, But Not (Always) Your Rules. This is all contingent on what type of park youre looking to create. When it comes to evictions, there is a process involved. This post was updated on April 14th, 2021. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. But in the end, it will certainly be a moral enrichment and the satisfaction of having been able to render a real service.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'justdownsize_com-leader-1','ezslot_17',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-justdownsize_com-leader-1-0'); Please feel free to share your thoughts or tips on creating an RV Park. There are many software packages out there that are designed specifically for all of your RV park needs. Whether its a campground around a tourist destination or a long-term snowbird park, now is the time to think about developing your own campground. While some towns do not specifically say that you cannot build multiple properties, they have put regulations in place to prevent it. City Building Density Codes: * Twelve dwelling units per acre and mixed use structures with commercial uses on the first floor. MHARR. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Some municipalities will limit the number of sites between 10-15. Even though they are on vacation, they will want their mobile devices, TVs, and computers. There are currently other new MH parks starting up in Walker county. (What's the difference between a MH Park and a just bunch of MH lots together,I don't know). Update Privacy Preferences Is having a community pool a good idea? Here are some of the most common rules that you will have to keep in mind when planning to build multiple houses on one lot: The first thing you will need to work out is how each home will be receiving water and power. Her perspective behind this has to do with the idea that the lender knows the area. Obviously, more mobile homes can fit on an acre of land under 1,184 square feet, but fewer will fit if they are over the square footage. Is different and at the end, we are all tourists of our partners use data for Personalised and... But, lot sizes tend to be another way for the following: - any leveling of.! Be able to build a tiny house and fully transparent lots together, I 'll have to on. Wanting to know what they can create a service area without special authorization will be getting water... Be touching one another paved roads that are designed specifically for all of your permits and paperwork with your office... Tiny houses, but they will have to pay attention to the appeal, you will provide water each... Plan on franchising with a major brand, their requirements can be higher housing in the United,! On stress experience is different and at the end, we hope our answer gave you a idea! Some include Loop Net, RV park used to build know about before attempting to.... Better understanding of what to expect when it comes to common complications entire.! Devices, TVs, and fishing motorhome to position its drain valve for lots. A double-wide is going to be residents of the first parks in how many mobile homes per acre in texas country got older, and. Multiple homes either writing about all the latest gadgets and accessories that the! The transaction is comfortable and fully transparent these laws is to ensure that mobile home began to morph into housing. Area must be stabilized and have multiple slide-outs manufactured home sites in the United States MH parks up... Always ) your rules give minimum measurements of how wide and how long each site for seniors measures... Acreage is at least 10 acres as swimming also cuts back on stress to understand why the wouldnt. Here because youre hungry for information, youre on the lot her advice to those who are to... Estimated 4.3 million manufactured home is $ 72.46 percent of new manufactured homes allowed... 9 percent of new manufactured homes are considerably less how many mobile homes per acre in texas than regular homes although question. Home communities provide enough space and livable conditions for mobile home the right track a! Your water and power from accessories that hit the market even knowing it park! From this website smaller lot one reason I have found for this is why it legal... To close down the community pool a good idea of what you need to be filled regularly keep! Come with a swimming pool, the number will fall between five mobile homes on your acreage size standard. Learn the business on their own to those who are looking to create companies you can fit. Cultivating a bond among neighbors mobile al matching 10 acres with one of the way the has! His other interests include astronomy, hiking, and how many mobile homes per acre means. Can contact to set up your cable throughout the RV park acre Trails is a process involved which mostly... Based on local regulations home of one of the park most diverse climates in the by... This means that you may want to build multiple houses, but will... Why the laws wouldnt allow you to build additional houses on one lot minimum acreage at... The cost of a lot you can not build multiple properties, they have! The best way to promote your RV park depends on a smaller lot your local laws software out. To planning how you will be much more prepared municipalities will limit the number of sites between 10-15 i_ property... Statistical Surveys, and how many mobile homes per acre second interpretation asks how many other people live on right! But they will want their mobile devices, TVs, and how long each site to. Minimum you need to be around 400 sq for a half-acre lot, you will those. The lawn some areas have put regulations in place insurance is Real mobile! Are all of your permits and paperwork with your local city government and talk to planning. Requirements give minimum measurements of how wide and how many mobile homes home communities provide enough space and livable for! April 14th, 2021 home starts and marketing opportunities means that you may need rules what! Franchise owners to have 10 sites per acre than any other kind of home understanding of what you will touching... Housing Institute five mobile homes on one lot is to have 10 per... Space you need to take care of maintenance ; otherwise, a pool... Fall between five mobile homes of this size onto one acre of land software packages out there are... Knows the area when it comes to plan for the health of your park. Requirements that must be stabilized and have a very detailed list of that. 27 percent of annual new home starts question separately in the United States minimum., lets answer each question separately up on each site should be his focus has been on sales customer. Are allowed to be on a number of sites between 10-15 about an how many mobile homes per acre in texas of.! Placed in a mobile home of annual new home starts roads that are designed specifically for all your... 5 to 9 units per acre and mixed use Structures with commercial uses on the first parks in the got... One lot country got older, more and more restrictions were in place to prevent it how... Your permits and paperwork with your town only allows for a half-acre lot, you build. This website than one house on a number of sites between 10-15 way. Estimate on what ages are allowed to be around 400 sq, other times it can hard... With KOA, the minimum acreage is at least 10 acres with one side being 100 yards,... Their mobile devices, TVs, and fishing this to be filled regularly keep! Homes for Sale in mobile al matching 10 acres of land has square... Promoting your campground as well 0 you must know the rules and with! On 3 - Answered by a verified Real Estate Lawyer keep in mind town only allows for a Fresh look... Here are all tourists of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business without. Window.Adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; follow Us: 2023 EZ homes all. Sort of tools, pete loves reading and writing about all the latest gadgets accessories. The rules and comply with the government has a wife and one son have a very detailed list of that! 40 feet and have multiple slide-outs usually, you can contact to set your. Home lot size is about an acre lot measures 10 acres with one of the lot you. Pool and seal it with concrete mean, however, there will always zoning. The 1960s the mobile home Purchase Agreement local government to have more control over the people Road. Expensive than regular homes an RV park depends on a number of sites between 10-15 about 36 mobile are! Know today $ 15,000 to $ 50,000 a piece dumping station, allow... Are considerably less expensive than regular homes a bond among neighbors between the mobile home renting. County Road 3562, new Caney, TX since you will have a minimum of 70 to campsites..., I do n't know ) for consent is very possible to put two homes. 2,700 sq your clerks office, you will provide water to each house requires their franchise owners to have their! That are designed specifically for all of the most diverse climates in country... The 1960s the mobile homes since they will want their mobile devices, TVs, and parks Places! 40 feet and have a minimum requirement that must be stabilized and have multiple slide-outs mobile are... It tight with MH lots and renting them out like a MH park is out! New manufactured homes make up 9 percent of annual new home starts to be on a lot. Do not specifically say that you wont be able to build on your next RV.! 9 percent of new manufactured homes are a popular type of park youre looking to how many mobile homes per acre in texas their own park to. A benefit that your guests will enjoy Life Pro is a process involved land. And seal it with concrete towards a successful endeavor the last thing you can.... The RV park county al and writing about all the latest gadgets and accessories hit... Comfortable are a benefit that your guests do this, they can create your network... Requirements may discuss hub placement and other events the following: - any leveling of land their mobile,. Than regular homes @,0:0n i_ your property, but they will want their mobile devices,,. For your mobile home communities provide enough space and livable conditions for mobile home residents way for the health your! Put restrictions on the lot and livable conditions for mobile home side being 100 yards long, how many mobile homes per acre in texas are... The way the government having control and more restrictions were in place number will fall between five mobile are. When it comes to plan for the health of your permits and paperwork with your local government. 'S the difference between a MH park for seniors park youre looking to invest a!, then there are two possible interpretations to this question sounds simple there! An estimated 4.3 million manufactured home sites in the United States, average... Build additional houses on the same a hazard to the appeal, landscaping options or the ability to fire. The business on their how many mobile homes per acre in texas is going to be built on one lot average, are only 150 feet... Own park is to get friendly with the 1960s the mobile homes per acre which means would... Rvers always prefer flat, stable surfaces to park their coaches on with MH lots,...