[, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. No more than a 10 foot span between hangers. The type of scaffolding being used is rated as light-duty, or 25 pounds per square foot. The foreman was inside the tank, riding up on a two-point suspension scaffold. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. OSHA 10 - Materials Handling, Storage, Use, &, OSHA 10 - Tools, Hand and Power (Subpart I), OSHA 10 - Cranes and Derricks in Construction, OSHA 10 - Stairways and Ladders (Subpart X), OSHA 10 - Health Hazards in Construction (Sub, OSHA 10 - Personal Protection and Life Saving, K12 7th grade quiz: 6.07 Unit Test: Answers a. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by the following measures [. Scaffolds and components must never be loaded in excess of theirPlatforms must not deflect more than.Fabricated frame scaffolds over.. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads (outrigger brackets) must beThe ladder legs must be on the same plank or other means must be.The ladder legs are to be secured to Use casters to create a rolling scaffold tower only on.Casters must be.When moving scaffold manual force must be applied.Mobile scaffolds are required to have a, Employees must not ride on scaffolds unless, =Surface free of pits, holes and obstructions, =Height to base width ratio is 2:1 or less, =Outrigger frames when used are on both sides of scaffold, = No employee is on any part of the scaffold that extends beyond the wheels or casters, = Before moving, employee should be made aware of the move. Each scaffold and its components must be able to carry its weight and a minimum of four times the maximum intended load added by workers to the equipment. [, Power-operated and manual hoists must be tested and listed by a qualified testing laboratory. Bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. The victim was not using personal fall protection equipment, although it was available and was being used by a second painter. Contributing factors included the absence of guardrails on one side of the scaffold, and the fact that his safety belt was not attached to a safety line. When scaffold platforms are more than ___?___ above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. An access ladder or other safe access must be provided. Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, are perhaps the most common type of suspended scaffold. The employee received an electric shock and fell to the ground. = all times with independent lifelines attached to anchorage points capable of supporting 5000 lb. This defect and the victim's possible failure to release the parking brake before beginning his descent caused one end of the scaffold to drop. Or bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. Only ___?___ person(s) shall operate an aerial lift. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle-beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. A laborer was in a chimney stack on an elevated suspended scaffold approximately 350 feet high, helping bricklayers lay brick inside the liner of the chimney. [, Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified above if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced, and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. Animation of what happens when a scaffold becomes stuck while traveling. Most Frequently Cited - 2010 When the left scaffold rope broke and the scaffold collapsed, one employee was killed and another fell to a nearby roof and broke both arms. The intent of the standard is for the scaffold and its components . It is a legal requirement to provide a safe working place for every employee. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Without Tiebacks Fall, Inadequate Counterweights Cause Two Deaths. Therefore, ladder access is not discussed in this module. ( a) Capacity. [, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by GFCIs (ground-fault circuit interrupters) or an AEGCP assured equipment grounding conductor program, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.404(b)(1)(i) (see Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection in the OSHA Construction eTool). The employer must have all employees who work on scaffolds Training for scaffold users must include: = Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards, = Correct procedures for handling electrical hazard and proper use of fall prevention and falling object prevention equipment, = Proper scaffold use and proper material handling on scaffolds, = The maximum intended load and load capacity of scaffold, All employees who erect, dismantle, move, operate, repair, maintain, or inspect scaffolding must be trained by, =Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining scaffolds, = Design criteria, max intended load capacity and intended use of scaffold. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, one of the following must be used: Direct access from another scaffold or similar surface. [, Outrigger beams must be restrained to prevent movement. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. Single tiebacks installed at an angle are prohibited. Or toeboards must be installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. [, All ladder-type platforms must be constructed in accordance with the. Just after he tied-off the scaffolding, the rope loosened and gave way on one side. Three persons (estimated at 250 pounds each) and 125 pounds of tools, materials, and equipment can be applied to the scaffold. The victim died from his injuries. The superintendent had ordered the scaffold's main support be disassembled before the scaffold was lowered to ground level. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. construction methods, and its use. Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting without failure at least four times the maximum intended load. The employee was hospitalized for his injuries. Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. While a worker may technically access a suspended scaffold from a ladder, the preferred industry practice is to do so from a rooftop or from the ground, and then raise or lower the scaffold to its working location. Employees on scaffolds must be provided with protection from = falling tools, debris, and small objects through the use of toeboards, screens, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies etc. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. 4 A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform 2 Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds When the employer has reason to believe an employee lacks skill or understanding involving scaffolding they must be retrained. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year. [, Suspended scaffold outrigger beams must be stabilized to the floor or deck by [. For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4). The scaffold had not been tied back according to the manufacturer's specifications. The victim, who was wearing a separate lifeline with a work belt attached to a 6 ft. lanyard, suffered a sprained back and was taken to a hospital for examination. block is an..Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be.. = Mud sills must be used in soil, asphalt. [, On suspended scaffolds with horizontal lifelines that may become vertical lifelines, the devices used to connect to the horizontal lifeline must be capable of locking in both directions. Two employees, the leadman and a trainee mechanic, were assigned to move a two-point suspended scaffold equipped with two SC40 hoists. Fabricated Frame Scaffold Fall Protection. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. (, Clips must be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. NOTE: The minimum top edge height on scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. With respect to 1926.451 (a) (1), the provision requires that each scaffold and scaffold component be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. (2) Contains a series of platforms at various levels resting on common stirrups. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold must be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. Before allowing workers onto the platform, a good safety practice is to raise the scaffold 3 feet, then lower it and hit the brakes to clear the moisture (see Support). each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load . This was done without inspecting the hoist for sufficient cable length. [, Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends. There are twenty-eight OSHA-approved State Plans, operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. As the employee was attempting to open trap doors for the hoistway area on the suspended scaffold, he fell through the hoisting area to a metal hopper surface at the base of the chimney. Rungs must be 1" minimum diameter with at least " in diameter tenons, and the maximum spacing must be 12" to center. The front edge of all platforms shall not be more than ___?___ from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used. The victim had been painting from one end of this scaffold while wearing a safety belt and lanyard attached to an independent lifeline. How much heat per cycle is exhausted to the kitchen? Review the elements of suspended scaffold safety with the following modules: The safe use of a suspended scaffold begins with secure anchorage. (A qualified scaffolding professional will calculate the weight of the scaffold into this 4:1 safety ratio.) Each scaffold and it's components must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied to it. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Safety Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry, Inspection procedures for enforcing Subpart L, Scaffolds used in construction, Whether plywood may be used as scaffold decking material over wood scaffold planks; 29 CFR 1926.450 and 1926.451, Whether OSHA standards prohibit using two power hoists wired together to a single control; whether a minimum of two persons are required to be on board a two-point suspended scaffold, Requirements in 1926 Subpart L "Scaffolds" regarding the use of plywood to make platform decking for scaffolds, A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry, Selecting and Implementing a Fall Protection System for an AWP, Rolling Towers/Mobile Scaffold: Inspection, Maintenance, and Use Tip Sheet, Preventing Electrocutions During Work with Scaffolds Near Overhead Power Lines, Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths Caused by Falls From Suspension Scaffolds, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, For additional information on specific state plans or other general standards, see the general industry, For additional information on related safety and health topics pages, see the general industry. The scaffold manufacturer specified 600 pounds of counterweight for this scaffold and load, but the painters had rigged the scaffold using only 200 pounds of counterweight (100 pounds per outrigger). In addition to wearing ___?___, each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. State Plans are required to have standards and enforcement programs that are at least as effective as OSHA's and may have different or more stringent requirements. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. Why is creativity useful when identifying resources? This is especially critical with suspended scaffolds, because they often are operated at extreme elevations. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 ft. rule should always be applied. Or point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding must also be insulated. Indicate the Connecting device (lanyard with shock absorber/retractable lifeline, snap hooks) C. Anti-jerk cord D. Any of the above [. [29 CFR 1926.452(p)(4)]. [, Outrigger beams must be made of structural metal, or other material of equivalent strength. The scaffold consisted of an aluminum ladder used as a platform, and secured to steel "stirrups" made of steel bar stock bent into a box shape and attached to each end of the ladder. No personal fall protection equipment was being used by either worker. Three workers were on a two-point suspension scaffold rated at 500 lbs. Search for jobs related to Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. Specific requirements for one type each of supported scaffold (tubular welded frame) and suspended scaffold (two-point suspension) are included in the sections below. A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform, Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds, Each platform must be fully planked and at least 18 inches wide. = Top rail to be at 38 inches 45 inches. [, When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to travel to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or else the rope end must be provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. directions on your drawing with arrows, What kind of chemical reaction involves one substance losing an electron and another substance gaining an electron? To review ladder access requirements, please refer to the OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.451(e) or the Supported Scaffolds module. An ideal refrigerator does 150 J of work to remove 560 J as heat from its cold compartment. The employees working on the scaffold had not been provided any training, including hazard recognition training, which teaches how to safely rig and secure a scaffold. They were working on a 48-foot-high tank from a two-point suspension scaffold supported by two steel outriggers. Have walk-through stirrups specifically designed for that purpose. He was stepping down from the 13th floor onto a two-point suspended scaffold when he slipped and fell 12 stories through an unguarded floor opening. Or between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. Hung by ropes or cables connected to stirrups at each end of the platform, they are typically used by window washers on skyscrapers, but play a prominent role in high-rise construction as well. Non-mandatory guidelines for two-point suspended platforms: NOTE: For more on plank-type platforms, see Planking. Response: Under section 1926.451 (a) (1), each component of a scaffold system must be able to support its own weight (the weight of the component itself, in addition to the portion of the scaffold's weight that is transmitted to that component), and at least 4 times the maximum intended load transmitted to that component. [, The ladder legs must be on the same platform, or other means must be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection. Scaffold incidents causing injury or death to workers is often the result of either the planking or support giving way, by the worker slipping, the absence of fall protection, or being struck by a falling object. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)]. = Midrails, screens, mesh, or other vertical members must run between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. He died. The employee and the scaffold fell 50 feet to the ground. Only ___ are authorized to operate elevated working platforms (scissor lifts) and boom platforms. Specific requirements are described below. =A competent person is required to inspect scaffolding prior to each work shift. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. In areas so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot beThe front edge of the platform cannot be more than ___ from the face of the work unlessThe maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds must be. Where changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. along a cord. Two employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold 60-70 feet above the ground. Scaffold rated at 500 lbs often are operated at extreme elevations platforms more than -inch clearance above the work for. Had been painting from one end of this scaffold while wearing a safety belt and lanyard attached to anchorage capable! Changes at the outermost edge of the surface from which they may fall been trained ( with... Or placed in service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches safety and health programs each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting! 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