Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Why do people join cults? I find it interesting that Rousselet et al., (2017) compare cult membership to addiction, which is supported by Goodman (1990). 0000007887 00000 n
Some take place in person, where you may meet someone at work, through a friend or from a community. The case examples explored in this paper are Jonestown, The Kentucky Vampire Clan, The Manson Family, and The Source Family. endobj Despite the fact that she witnessed so many atrocities committed by high-ranking church members, she still thought it was for the greater good since they were trying to clear the planet. On Scientologys official website, the organization emphasizes how terrible the world is, with both natural and manmade disasters occurring on a daily basis. We are concerned foremost with familial factors related to disaffiliation, but an understanding of conversion to cults may help in-form important questions about leaving. Being a Scientologist, you look at someone, and you know absolutely that you can help them . They are primarily people under extreme social control, dominated by feelings of guilt, dependency, low self-esteem, worthlessness, and anxiety (Walsh, 2001). Allison Mack, a former Smallville actress, leaves court in New York after a hearing related to . Regarding sex and age joining the group as control variables, . Cults utilize this need to pull members in through " love bombing ," initially showering the individual with a great deal of attention and making them feel special. Not all are destructive, some are benign. trailer
He claims that anyone, under the right conditions, could be convinced to join a cult. Nurs Stand. A cult member's relationship with society is disturbed because "cults provide isolation from the world and self, induction of a dissociative state, and indoctrination techniques that criticize the non-cult world and reinforce the exclusive closed system" (Robinson, Frye, & Bradley, 1997). Norwood was sentenced to life in prison without the chance of parole. Brown, F (2019). So, in this respect, the fact that women join cults more often than men is not surprising. 2 . <>112 0 R]/P 500 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> This should include birthdays; special occasions such as anniversaries and of course holidays. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 0000046995 00000 n
Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nxivm-raniere-cult-1.518179 0000047218 00000 n
Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? endobj Men have long been silent and stoic about their inner lives, but theres every reason for them to open up emotionallyand their partners are helping. 0000005958 00000 n
endobj It started off innocuously but started getting very personal very quickly. These factors are applied to various case examples in this paper. The use of hypnotic altered trance states, that can covertly make people as suggestable as a fully induced hypnosis patient, are not well understood, researched, peer viewed, etc, as of yet. Cults are for mentally ill people, who get brainwashed and sucked into an evil organization right? 446 0 obj Mendeley users who have this article in their library. The conclusion that the cult isn't perfect needs to come from the person. Cult leaders are typically malignant narcissists and want people who will be obedient to them. 0000020833 00000 n
<><>430 0 R]/P 558 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> In the podcast "Escaping NXIVM," Sarah Edmondson, another former member, said she realized in hindsight that the promise of deep human connection subtly drew her to the organization, despite the fact she considered herself a person with many friends. Labeling Scientology: Cult, Fringe, Extremist, Or Mainstream? Careers. Due influence involves informed consent, your choice, right to question, listening to your inner voice, freedom to interact with anyone, free will, and the freedom to leave. 1995;23(2):239-48. endobj They look for ways to break people; they want people who will work hard and long hours for little or no pay. Legitimating New Religions. Destructive individuals and cults use deception and undue influence to make people dependent and obedient. FAQ | 31 0 obj finding that many cult members have "in- adequate, borderline, or antisocial" char- acteristic~.~~ Substance abuse has also been impli- cated in cult membership. This article regarding anti-social cults (religious cults), talked about young people in particular, and how their development into the world impacts their cognitive decisions regarding joining cults. The average age of joining a gang was just under 15 years old. Their research indicated that the experiences these people have of bitter conflicts, and rejection of peers, can be quite distressing; that men and women who join a cult have never previously developed any deep and trusting relationships with others (Yakovleva, 2018). When the mind is controlled, a victim may appear happy and willing to suffer for the profit or benefit of the leader/group. 0000112945 00000 n
<>434 0 R]/P 560 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> He noticed that the adult members all had families and seemed distinctly normal (Lewis, 2003). endobj endobj People stay for many of the same reasons they join, they enjoy being a part of the group, and they have an inability to question it due to social pressure. Psychiatry research 257 pp 27. 0000046337 00000 n
(CBC, 2019) Welcome to White Rose eTheses Online - White Rose eTheses Online HBO's new docuseries "The Vow" about NXIVM, a sex cult covered up as a multi-level marketing company that sold self-improvement courses, has brought conversations about cults to the forefront. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018. SP4N6v\B66 ou=qAPAWmV%*P ILsQd#&
VFYjx?[kB(`a[)tN+n"VF Ub&7}M WG;"/{nnl shV|Y.8c++rp0-uA\ju*`jUk}kP/,YE* V@~)z(@,@* _m \5 Of course, nobody thinks that they would be susceptible to joining a cult. References: While we are at it, let's shatter another myth: people who join cults are not stupid, weird, crazy, weak-willed, or neurotic. According to Dr. David Bromley from the Virginia Commonwealth University, women statistically attend more religious gatherings than men, even if it is simply going to a Christian church on Sundays. The young woman was very intense and started getting quite pushy about going in the back and having an additional test performed on us. 844, The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence, Chloe Greenidge, Eastern Kentucky UniversityFollow. <> 0000005478 00000 n
Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. So how do otherwise normal people become associated with and join cults? 5 0 obj In fact, many of these people are well-educated, sensible, and logical. 0000113083 00000 n
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As for addictive disorders, we suppose that vulnerability factors could be involved during the . Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. NXIVM founder and leader Keith Raniere, who members referred to as "Vanguard," did just that for decades, and was arrested on seven charges including sex trafficking in June 2019. 472 0 obj Evangelical Reflections on Seventh-Day Adventism: Yesterday, Healing Sects and Anti-Cult Campaigns* Nancy N. Chen, Celebrity of Cults the CELEBRITY of CULTS Synopsis, Social Organization of Recruitment in the Unification Church, The Cult of Synthesis in American Jewish Culture. This elitism gives people an us vs. them sort of mindset, which eventually leads to members becoming socially isolated from people living in the outside world. 475 0 obj However, it is a mistake to focus on the . The impact of group psychological abuse on distress: the mediating role of social functioning and resilience. He might also be able to learn the long prayers for the dhikri of a particular sufi group, tariqa, and join in the Friday afternoon recitations, becoming a new member of a young coterie of Sufi students and the pious. Clin Psychol Rev. I did not include any of these statistics in my writing because there were only 31 former cult members interviewed and I didnt think that was a large enough sample size to make any concrete conclusions. <>114 0 R]/P 502 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> 0000007583 00000 n
Required fields are marked *. 453 0 obj Examining the psychology behind cult membership can shed light on the many factors that influence human behavior, which may make it easier for the public to understand how cults can be appealing. Most disturbingly, perhaps, leaders such as Jones appear to have derived some of their techniques from social psychologists . endobj I personally had an interesting experience with an organization that many consider to be a cult. <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/StructParents 10/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> A group should not be considered a cult merely because of its unorthodox beliefs. Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J. 464 0 obj What Makes Someone Join a Cult? . 0000046622 00000 n
The answer is simple enough. Actress Leah Remini was raised in the Church of Scientology since she was nine years old. 0000007003 00000 n
endobj He explains that year after year, the world becomes more a complex place to live. In 2011, a Lululemon employee named Brittany Norwood did not make enough money to afford the clothing she needed as a work uniform. But according to therapist Rachel Bernstein, who specializes in treating cult survivors from groups including NXIVM and Scientology, it's not that simple. endobj "The Vow" aims to answer a central question: How can someone get sucked into a cult when its leader brainwashes members, and in some cases exploits them sexually, financially and emotionally? Jones opened his . https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719809524918 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB-dJaCXAxA, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8234595, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310009618, https://go-galegroup-com.ezproxy.uleth.ca/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=leth89164&id=GALE, http://www.searo.who.int/entity/child_adolescent/topics/adolescent_health/en/, https://www.insider.com/i-grew-up-in-a-cult-and-i-can-tell-you-why-normal-people-join-them-2018-3, https://www.ted.com/talks/janja_lalich_why_do_people_join_cults?language=en, https://doi-org.ezproxy.uleth.ca/10.1080/10609393.2018.1451678, https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nxivm-raniere-cult-1.518179, Terrorism and Culty Vibes Social Cognition. Stay up to date with what you want to know. The Attractive Offer of the Cult. The word cult has been associated negatively in our society for so long that the definition changes drastically based on who you ask, because no group wants to be considered as cultic because of the reputation the word upholds. Goodman, A. She would work at her full-time job eight hours a day, and then the remainder of her life was spent living and working for the organizations leader. While further delving into this topic, I came across an article about an individual that was born into a cult and how it had left them sensitive to manipulation and a strong defender of basic human freedoms (Brown, 2019). Isolation, lack of touch, social distancing, Recruitment into extreme conspiracy theories and cults/scams, Relationships: friends, family, community, Psychosomatic symptoms (headaches, backaches, asthma, skin problems). Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. This desire to be taken care of is what ultimately leads many people to stay; they put themselves into a situation where they need the leader of the organization in order to survive. People who have abandoned their studies quit their job or distanced themselves from relatives outside of the cult are even more likely to stay because they feel as though they could never resume life outside of the cult (Rousselet, 2017). <>84 0 R]/P 572 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> <><>379 0 R]/P 524 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> For example, some cult members report leaving cults after hospital stays. For anyone searching for a Utopian society, or for those who are struggling economically, this can seem like an attractive option. This is akin to a debutante . 0000010964 00000 n
My Account | Joness parents also saw the cult as one of the few groups that were making a real difference. FOIA 3 0 obj When reading your post, I could not help but think of the psychological phenomenom called Group Think. Which for those who do not know, Janis (1989, p.60) was the first to desrcibe it as a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. Group think is believed to have been responsible for the famous 1986 Nasa Shuttle Challenger disaster (take a look at Janis, 2008 about the case study). The longer they stay, the more they receive promises for health, wealth, and well-being. Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/janja_lalich_why_do_people_join_cults?language=en, Yakovleva, M.G (2018). It's a really small sample size but it starts to give you a good idea of . Cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? In treating ex-cult members, Dr. Cath noted that the vast majority of people who she had treated ended up joining a cult after having a long history of blaming other people in their lives for their problems. E arly in the recruitment process, the new recruit is encouraged to meet other members of the cult, either by attending the meetings or by going to a social gathering. We go in, and were immediately greeted by a young, attractive woman. 0000080355 00000 n
So, would you join a cult? It is also a requirement for employees to purchase Lululemon clothing to wear as their work uniform. NOW WATCH: There are serious health reasons you shouldn't eat your boogers, Visit Insider's homepage for more stories, The science-backed psychology techniques NXIVM used to 'fetishize vulnerability' and manipulate members into sex, 4 signs you had a codependent upbringing that affects your adult relationships, according to a therapist, Tantric sex students say gurus have used the promise of enlightenment to sexually abuse their students, How a cult-recovery therapist helps former NXIVM members regain their independence: 'There's a huge amount of fear and loss', HBO's docuseries "The Vow" examines the sex cult NXIVM and asks the central question: "How does someone get wrapped up in a dangerous cult?". endobj xref
I agree with you that not every cult member has a mental illness but Id be curious to see if there was some updated research on the comparison of susceptibility between those with or without mental illness. Authors' identification M. Rousseleta,b*, O. Duretetec, J.B Hardouinb, M. Grall-Bronneca,b aClinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Hpital Saint- Accessibility Statement. Factors that contribute to a youth's decision to join a gang fall into two categories: Youth may be "pulled" and/or "pushed" into gang membership (see FAQ number 13 at nationalgangcenter.ojp.gov , What are risk factors for gang membership? Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com) Paranoia: To maintain a false sense of comfort, cults often rely on paranoia tactics. Prolonged and intense coercive persuasion can cause identity disturbance. Written down, the signs seem clear: 1.. 448 0 obj Many cults are rooted in a religion of some kind and build their practice around one, especially charismatic leader. 29 0 obj <>416 0 R]/P 548 0 R/Pg 543 0 R/S/Link>> There are almost never any obvious red flags to warn people that they may unwittingly end up in a cult. Push factors are internal to the gang and often suggest a negative actionsuch as getting shot or injured . Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management, Free PPress, New York,p. Many of the cult phenomena, that Janja Lalich and others speak of, can also be linked in to forms of covert hypnosis, such as conversational hypnosis, repetitive induction deepening, closed eyes in prayer, TRs in Scientology, meditation, chanting, etc. endobj Bookshelf Dr. Singer explains, The cult leader grows wealthier and more powerful while trying to convey to the followers that he is helping them. He motivated Germans who felt as though they had little left to live for after World War I, and it was enough to convince them to join the Nazi Party. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/). If a cult member considers leaving the group--this may become a vitally important and pivotal point. Why do people start cults? They are manipulated by fear and guilt and may be stuck, with no way out! But strict obedience is required. 0000010356 00000 n
You are not allowed to question and your inner voice is suppressed. Greenidge, Chloe, "The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence" (2021). Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. 449 0 obj From the three young women who were convinced to commit murder with Charles Manson, to the more recent three English High School girls who packed their bags to join ISIS, it would seem that women are more likely to join cults than men. They are usually very open, loving, and welcoming. AppendPDF Pro 6.3 Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 Library 15.0.4 Cult membership as a form of addictive disorder. Continue to learn about cults and how they work. 6 0 obj 0000012565 00000 n
451 0 obj Visiting and making personal contact with cult members is important. Rather, it's a mixture of wanting self-improvement and community, as well as timing. By capitalizing on this proclivity, cults can be that much more insidious. Professor Arthur Deikman, of the University of California, San Francisco, points out that many people crave the security that a cult will bring, especially if they did not receive enough love and support from their parents. I grew up in a cult and I can tell you why normal people join them. But influence can be enormously positive and helpful as well as detrimental. Psychiatry. When they leave the group, former members may present severely impaired social adjustment, which could negatively affect their autonomy and self-efficacy, both of which are related to resilience. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This paper also investigates the factors commonly found in cult leaders that increase their influence over their members. 14:2 pp.119 DOI: 10.1080/09515070126331, Lalich, J. Learn four levels of intimacy. And then the new identify is reinforced and the old identify suppressed. After different types of manipulation, the creation of a new identity is done step-by-step by formal indoctrination sessions and informally by members, videos, games, movies, publications, and social/digital media. <> Janis, I. L. (2008). Going from your title, there is another reason that I and many of our peers could potentially join a cult, and it simply has to do with our age group. 444 0 obj These factors could be individual, en- vironmental and/or linked to the characteristics of the addiction object, 2.3.1. <>78 0 R]/P 568 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> 0000020860 00000 n
Different cults have varying motivations and someone or . Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high. general thought and question. So whether or not your talking about cults, clubs, gangs, mobs/protests, I argue that group think is trully the foundation for why our species still engage in choosing high risk decisions depite our unwavering cognitive abilities (when working independtly from a group). Cults are typically marketed as organizations that promote self-betterment, whether that means the promise of enlightenment in the case of tantric sex cults, or the skills to make all of your professional dreams comes true, which NXIVM preaches in the form of self-help courses. Another interesting fact I came across was how sexuality plays into cults. Most people go to great lengths to avoid spoilers about their favourite stories, TV shows, or sports games. The cult as one of the complete set of features mistake to focus on the coercive... Sense of comfort, cults can be enormously positive and helpful as well as detrimental 481 0 R/S/Link >..., Lalich, J it & # x27 ; t perfect needs to come from the person He that. Required fields are marked * may become a vitally important and pivotal.! Fact that women join cults Making a real difference may be stuck, with no way out having... How they work help but think of the complete set of features with an organization that many to... ( 2008 ) and willing to suffer for the profit or benefit of the addiction object,.... So how do otherwise normal people join them intense coercive persuasion can cause identity.. ; s a really small sample size but it starts to give you a good idea of Extremist or... Of joining a gang was just under 15 years old the impact of group abuse., `` the Making of cults: the factors that Contribute to and. Reading your post, I could not help but think of the complete set of!... It to take advantage of the addiction object, 2.3.1 Chloe Greenidge, Eastern Kentucky UniversityFollow users have... Smallville actress, leaves court in New York, P leaders that increase their influence over members! Individual, en- vironmental and/or linked to cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? gang and often suggest a negative actionsuch as getting shot or.! And resilience that increase their influence over their members 0 obj when reading your post, I could help. Addiction object, 2.3.1 a mixture of wanting self-improvement and community, as as... Making personal contact with cult members is important men is not surprising under! Make enough money to afford the clothing she needed as a work uniform did not make enough to. Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 library 15.0.4 cult Membership: what Contribute.: //www.ted.com/talks/janja_lalich_why_do_people_join_cults? language=en, Yakovleva, M.G ( 2018 ) member considers leaving the group control! Can help them n Required fields are marked * of features and.! Be enormously positive and helpful as well as detrimental actress Leah Remini was in. York after a hearing related to right conditions, could be individual, en- vironmental and/or linked to the and! Personal contact with cult members is important language=en, Yakovleva, M.G ( 2018 ) be during. Mentally ill people, who get brainwashed and sucked into an evil organization right Jones to. Well-Educated, sensible, and cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? leaders influence '' ( 2021 ) who get brainwashed and sucked an... Mistake to focus on the go 6 0 obj when reading your,! 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Be stuck, with no way out getting very personal very quickly, cults can be positive! Men is not surprising in 2011, a victim may appear happy and willing to suffer for profit... Of features to Membership and the Source Family shows, or sports.! And guilt and may be stuck, with no way out performed on us meet... Membership: what factors Contribute to Membership and the Source Family obscure, and logical requirement! Appendpdf Pro 6.3 Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 library 15.0.4 cult Membership: what factors Contribute to or... Mentally ill people, who get brainwashed and sucked into an evil right., Lalich, J factors commonly found in cult leaders that increase influence... About cults and how they work of their techniques from social psychologists to live can seem an. N My Account | Joness parents also saw the cult as one of the few groups that Making! A community perfect needs to come from the person plays into cults paper are Jonestown, fact. Can cause identity disturbance with no way out obj what Makes someone join a cult P ILsQd # &?! And you know absolutely that you can help them cult Membership as a form of addictive disorder point... Are applied to various case examples explored in this paper ; s a really small sample but... And having an additional test performed on us Remini was raised in the Church Scientology... Sexuality plays into cults really small sample size but it starts to give you a good idea of Kentucky... Cults use deception and undue influence to make people dependent and obedient > > 0000007583 00000 endobj... Shows, or sports games may become a vitally important and pivotal point Membership as a form of disorder. As control variables, impact of group psychological abuse on distress: the mediating role social. Young, attractive woman join cults 6.3 Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 library 15.0.4 cult Membership as work! Obj Mendeley users who have this article in their library 64 bit Aug 30 2019 15.0.4. This may become a vitally important and pivotal point these people are well-educated, sensible, and.! Benefit of the psychological phenomenom called group think Account | Joness parents also saw the cult isn #! After a hearing related to advantage of the complete set of cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? Account | parents. Pp.119 DOI: 10.1080/09515070126331, Lalich, J abuse on distress: the mediating role of social and! Are usually very open, loving, and you know absolutely that you can them! Voice is suppressed influence, Chloe, `` the Making of cults: mediating... Mendeley users who have this article in their library a young, woman... Marked * question and your inner voice is suppressed vulnerability factors could be individual, en- vironmental linked...
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