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After several hours of fierce fighting, the Maltese in the west were forced to surrender.[22]. Masonic Knights of Malta Ritual 2008 (Reprinted 2019) 43 pages, soft bound, size = 100 x 140mm. Both the Lieutenant ad interim and the Lieutenant of the Grand Master are styled Eccellenza (Excellency). [25] The refugee knights in Saint Petersburg proceeded to elect Tsar Paul as their Grand Master a rival to Grand Master von Hompesch until the latter's abdication left Paul as the sole Grand Master. "[104], On 24 June 1961, Pope John XXIII approved the Constitutional Charter of the Order which stated that "the Order is a legal entity formally approved by the Holy See. [18], In order to protect its heritage against fraud, the Order has legally registered sixteen versions of its names and emblems in some one hundred countries.[19]. The Vatican was established on February 11th, 1929. The Knights of Malta is a unique series of expertly captured scenes from the original tales of the life and times of the Crusader Knights. The Tribunal of Cardinals further stated that, "The status of sovereign Orderconsists in the enjoyment of certain prerogatives inherent to the Order itself as a Subject of international law. He was the head of the Catholic Centre Party, that . The Knights of Malta is the lay branch of the Jesuit Order! [48][49] When the Order's Chapter General met in May 2019 three of the 62 participants were women for the first time. Knights of Malta members are also powerful members of the CFR and the Trilateral Commission.Bill Cooper / <cite>Behold A Pale Horse</cite> It should also be noted that Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. is a Knight of Malta. In the mid and late 1980s, a number of prophetic people that I know began to receive . Available at SSRN: (in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish), History of Malta under the Order of Saint John, Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Learn how and when to remove this template message, History of Rhodes under the Order of Saint John, Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand Baillies Field Marshal Counto Soltikoff, Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto, Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, List of Permanent Observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations, List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, specialized agencies of the United Nations, Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, "Italy: Knights of Malta rejects alleged link to military action", "Who Are the Knights of Malta and What Do They Want?". The Knights of Malta are a chivalric Roman Catholic order of crusader knights who originated in Jerusalem in the 11 th century. These were established in 1997. Under the previous constitution, the top Knights and the Grand Master were required to have noble lineage, something reformers said excluded nearly everyone except Europeans from serving in top roles. In 1665, the four islands were sold to the French West India Company. )", "Norme relative al trattamento del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta nell'ordine delle precedenze a Corte e nelle pubbliche funzioni", "Agreement between the Republic of Malta and the Sovereign Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta for the Restoration and Utilisation of Parts of Fort St. Angelo", "Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta for the restoration and utilisation of parts of Fort St. Angelo", "Agreement Between The Government of Malta and The Government of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta", "After Two Centuries, the Order of Malta Flag Flies over Fort St. Angelo beside the Maltese Flag", "Address to British Association SMOM by Fausto Solaro del Borgo, President of the Italian Association London, 17 November", "This photograph shows four members of the Corps standing guard at the coffin of a deceased Grand Master of the Order", "Treno Ospedale Attrezzato Per L'Emergenza", Elenco dei cavaleri del S.M.Ordine di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, Ruolo generale del sov. [12] The three principal officers are counted as citizens. The Maltese cross is a common feature of the Pope's garments, reminding us that he is the head of these Orders. "[98], Even taking into account the Order's ambassadorial diplomatic status among many nations, a claim to sovereign status is sometimes rejected. ordine di S. Giovanni de Gerulasemme ovvero di Malta, "How did Pope Francis change the Order of Malta? That legend is unsubstantiated, but it is known that the Knights of Malta, who ruled for centuries, used a red flag with a white cross (either the normal variety or the special Maltese Cross). Cardinal Silvano Tomasi, the pope's special delegate to the order, told reporters at a briefing along with some members of the provisional government that the order's new constitution would not weaken its international sovereignty. While members of the Order of Malta in former times traditionally belonged to the aristocracy, the emphasis today is on a nobility of spirit and conduct. But in reality, the religious element is limited to the knights . See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service declared on Tuesday that it is completing its first "normal" tax filing season since the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, with a backlog of millions of unprocessed returns from previous years fully cleared. The order venerates the Virgin Mary as its patroness, under the title of Our Lady of Philermos. United Nations General Assembly, Session 48, Resolution 265, "About Malteser International: For a life in health and dignity for all", "Pope Francis to receive Knights of Malta grand master Thursday", "Malta Permanent Mission to the United Nations", "Intergovernmental and Other Organizations", "Pseudo Orden und ihr Auftreten in sterreich 19962008", "From the Loss of Malta to the Modern Era", "La Orden de Malta y su Naturaleza Jurdica (The Order of Malta and Its Legal Nature)", "Knights of Malta Catholic order celebrates 900 years", "Vatican condom row: pope prevails as Knights of Malta chief resigns", "The Knights of Malta-Vatican feud: a tale of chivalry and sovereignty", "Pope intervenes in Knights of Malta after head resigns under pressure", "Pope Francis Declares All of Festing's Recent Acts 'Null and Void', "A triptych on Benedict's papacy, and hints of what lies beyond", "Lettera Pontificia al Sostituto per gli Affari Generali della Segreteria di Stato per la nomina a Delegato Speciale presso il Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta", "Cardinal Burke 'in Office but out of Power' as Job Handed to Papal Delegate", "Dust up with Order of Malta ends not with a bang but a reinstatement", "Why the pope has taken control of the Knights of Malta", "Ancient order, modern times: Order of Malta focuses on renewal", "The Constitutional Reform of the Sovereign Order of Malta", "Working to update the Constitution of the Sovereign Order of Malta", "New Knights of Malta leader genuflects before Francis in Vatican meeting", "Letter of the Holy Father to the Special Delegate at the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (S.M.O.M. On 21 May 1651 it acquired the islands of Saint Barthlemy, Saint Christopher, Saint Croix and Saint Martin. [1]:Constitution Articolo 22[78] He is appointed by the Pope on the advice of the Cardinal Patron. Known as Hospitallers of Jerusalem until 1309, the members were called Knights of Rhodes from 1309 till 1522, and have been called Knights of Malta since 1530. This was partly reflected in the government of the Order being under Lieutenants, rather than Grand Masters, in the period 1805 to 1879, when Pope Leo XIII restored a Grand Master to the order. [110], This agreement grants the Order the use with limited extraterritoriality of the upper portion of Fort St. Angelo in the city of Birgu. Reformers, backed by the Vatican, had called for a more transparent government to bring in fresh blood and allow the order to better respond to the massive growth it has seen in recent years. [24] He resigned as Grand Master on 6 July 1799. But as a religious order, it had to remain under the auspices of the Vatican, said Cardinal Gianfranco Ghirlanda, a member of the working group that prepared the new constitution approved by the pope on Saturday. How the Knights of St. John managed to attract to Malta the greatest artists of the XVII Century.A project of the Malta Tourism Authority www.visitmalta.com . Angering the Knights of Malta against Pope Francis, this report explains, was the Vatican being complicit with the CIA in the arrest of two Freemason spies who uncovered the many links between Hillary Clinton, George Soros and other globalist factions seeking to destroy Freemason leader Trump. The change, which the pope issued in a decree, came after five years of often acrimonious debate within the order and between some top members of the old guard and the Vatican over a new constitution that some feared would weaken its sovereignty. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for EARLY MASONIC KNIGHTS OF MALTA OF PA. 29th ANNUAL GRAND COMMANDERY WATCH FOB at the best online prices at eBay! [34][35][36][37][38] Francis also named Archbishop (later Cardinal) Giovanni Becciu[39] as his personal representative to the Order sidelining the Order's Cardinal Patron Raymond Burke until the election of a new Grand Master. It has no real territory apart from a palace and offices in Rome and a fort in Malta, but is recognised as a sovereign entity with its own passports and licence plates. [16], The Order has two flags. In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) evicted the Knights of Malta. No asylum may be granted by the Order and generally the Maltese courts have full jurisdiction and Maltese law shall apply. Some scholars have questioned the Order's sovereignty based on the fact that the Order has very limited geographical territories and on account of the Order's relationship with the Holy See. Just think that whenever our staff (medical officers mainly) is engaged in a military mission abroad, there is the flag of the Order flying below the Italian flag. With the Papal bull Pie postulatio voluntatis dated 15 February 1113, Pope Paschal II approved the foundation of the Hospital and placed it under the aegis of the Holy See, granting it the right to freely elect its superiors without interference from other secular or religious authorities. Only 10% of the order's income came from traditional sources in Europe, with the remaining 90% being generated by the Russian Grand Priory until 1810. MALTA - His Royal Majesty Drolor Bosso Adamtey I recently became the first African leader to be knighted into the Ecumenical Order of the Knights of Malta, Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem.. King Adamtey, who is known in private life as Dr. Kingsley Fletcher, is the Suapolor of the Se (Shai) Traditional Area of Ghana. The Maltese Cross was officially adopted by the Order of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John in 1126. [emailprotected], For information on visiting times and to make a reservation for the Magistral Villa: [emailprotected], 1113 The Bull Pie Postulatio Voluntatis, Official visit of the Speaker of the Senate of Canada, Visita ufficiale del presidente del Senato del Canada, Bangladesh refugee camp fire: Malteser International distributes humanitarian aid, Foreign press delegation meets the Lieutenant of the Grand Master, The Lieutenant of the Grand Master receives Prince Pedro of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, London hosts the 29th International Hospitaller Conference, New community centre inaugurated for Romani in Slovakia, Presentation of the joint postal issue dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Italian Air Force, A new shelter for the homeless in the heart of Rome, Humanitarian, medical & social assistance, The Permanent Observer of the Sovereign Order of Malta to FAO presents his letters of credence, The Lieutenant of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta meets the President of the Italian Republic, The Order of Maltas official anthem Ave Crux Alba, Official visit of the Italian Foreign Minister to the Sovereign Order of Malta, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Cuba presents his letters of credence, Speech of the Lieutenant of the Grand Master Fra John Dunlap to the Diplomatic Corps, The Order of Maltas Holy Family Hospital in Bethlehem: a birthplace of hope, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Senegal presents his letters of credence, The President of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law at the Magistral Palace, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Chile presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Hungary presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Armenia presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Greece presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to Belarus presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to the Federative Republic of Brazil presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to the Republic of Niger presents his letters of credence, The Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to the Gabonese Republic presents his letters of credence, Young German diplomats visit the Order of Maltas Villa Magistrale, Europe | Africa | America | Asia | Oceania. After Britain came to control Malta in the early 19th century, the Union Jack predominated. : Bro. Instead, the order has gone back to its charitable roots by sponsoring medical missions in more than 120 . [17], The Grand Master uses a rectangular flag with a red ground upon which there is a white eight-pointed Maltese cross, encircled by the Collar of the Order and surmounted by a crown. Aug 14, 2009. Their Sacra Infermeria in Valletta was the foremost hospital of Europe in its day. The Knights of Malta is a world organization with its threads weaving through business, banking, politics, the CIA, other intelligence organizations, P2, religion, education, law, military, think tanks, foundations, the United States Information Agency, the United Nations, and numerous other organizations. The Knights of Malta wore uniforms similar to the Luciferian Knights Templar, in which the stylized cross we see on their uniforms is a representation of having gained control over the planetary templar and the movement of photons of light that create time, and this is commonly known as a Maltese cross. The Knights of Malta wore similar costumes to the Knights Templar before them. The Sovereign Order of Malta is one of the oldest institutions of Western and Christian civilisation. The Order of Malta, founded as the Knights Hospitaller around 1099 in Jerusalem, is a Roman Catholic chivalric society that received the Maltese Islands in a perpetual lease in 1530 from Charles I . Merchants from the ancient Marine Republic of Amalfi obtained from the Caliph of Egypt the authorisation to build a church, convent, and hospital in Jerusalem, to care for pilgrims of any religious faith or race. 14 Apr 2023 21:16:46 from Malta, island in the Mediterranean, the seat of the order from 1530-1798 Knights and Dames of Magistral Grace The Magistral Palace in Via Condotti 68 and the Magistral Villa on the Aventine Hill enjoy extraterritorial status. [31], The Congress of Vienna of 1815 confirmed the loss of Malta. The priests of the Order of Malta are ranked as Honorary Canons, as in the Order of the Holy Sepulchre; and they are entitled to wear the black mozetta with purple piping and purple fascia. [29] Their mandates complexively covered the period until the death of the Emperor Paul in 1801.[29]. Discover how in 1530, Grand Master L'Isle Adam entered the Gates of the fortified city of Mdina. It was established that the order should remain neutral in any war between Christian nations. The Military Corps still operates a modern 28-car hospital train with 192 hospital beds, serviced by a medical staff of 38 medics and paramedics provided by the Order and a technical staff provided by the Italian Army's Ferrovieri Engineer Regiment. [83], The Order has formal diplomatic relations with 112 states (including the Holy See) and has official relations with another five states and with the European Union. The work of the hospitallers grew in fame and in 1113 Pope Paschal II officially recognised the monastic community as a lay religious order. [2] Although the Order has been a United Nations General Assembly observer since 1994,[5][13] this was granted in view of its "long-standing dedication [] in providing humanitarian assistance and its special role in international humanitarian relations";[9] the same category is held by other non-state entities such as the International Olympic Committee and International Committee of the Red Cross. [93][94][95]) makes it a subject of international law. It includes a President and four Councillors, all elected by the Chapter General. [85] One such example is the UN Central Emergency Response Fund, to which it contributed USD $36,000 from 20062022. The 13,500 Knights and Dames of the Order of Malta remain true to its inspiring principles, summarised in the motto Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum nurturing, witnessing and protecting the faith and serving the poor and the sick which become reality through humanitarian projects and social assistance in 120 countries. "In the event of permanent impediment, resignation or death of the Grand Master, the Order is governed by a Lieutenant ad interim in the person of the Grand Commander, who can only perform acts of ordinary administration without making any innovations. The fleet of the Order contributed to the ultimate destruction of the Ottoman naval power in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, led by John of Austria, half brother of King Philip II of Spain. Finally, the decree affirms that the Bailiffs Knights Grand Cross of Justice in Italy shall be styled "Excellency" (Italian: Eccellenza). Then the Mdina Experience is approx a half hour or so film in a cinema theatre where you choose your language and use headphones to watch the film. [1]:Constitution Article 12 He is elected to a term of ten years and may be elected to a second term, but may not serve beyond the completion of his 85th year. In February 2013, the Order celebrated the 900th anniversary of its papal recognition with a general audience with Pope Benedict XVI and a Mass celebrated by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone in Saint Peter's Basilica. Jesus returns to "Trump" this Gnostic deception. With its world-wide relief agency, Malteser International, it provides emergency aid in natural disasters, epidemics and war. The birth of the Knights Hospitaller dates back to around 1048. According to the Constitution, as the religious Superior and Sovereign, he must fully dedicate himself to the development of the works of the Order and to set an example of living by Christian principles, to all the members of the Order. [79] Laffitte succeeded Archbishop Angelo Acerbi, who had held the office since 2001. Tomasi and the Lieutenant of the Grand Master, Canadian John Dunlap, will lead the group to the general chapter. [111], The agreement has a duration of 99 years, but the document allows the Government of Malta to terminate it at any time after 50 years. The Order states that it was the hospitaller role that enabled the Order to survive the end of the crusading era; nonetheless, it retains its military title and traditions. It then incorporated as 'The Knights of Malta, Inc' January 18th 1911, then changed its name to 'the Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem' in 1953 which was dissolved in 1989. [1]:Constitution Article 25. (Laypersons have no such restriction.) In several countries, including England, Scotland and Sweden, the order was dissolved. The Third Class consists of lay members who do not profess religious vows or the Promise, but who live according to the principles of the Church and of the Order. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has collaborated with other mutually-recognized Orders of Saint John; for example, the SMOM is a major donor of the St John Eye Hospital in Jerusalem, which is primarily operated by the Venerable Order of Saint John.[80]. The Government Council is the advisory board to the Sovereign Council in charge of studying political, religious, humanitarian assistance and international issues. The Order "as a subject of international law, exercises sovereign functions with regard to [its] purposes",[82] namely "promoting the glory of God and the sanctification of its members" and performing works of mercy "towards the sick, the needy, and people without a country without distinction of religion, race, sex, origin and age". Knights of Malta (US) provide Commerce & Business Diplomacy and more information can be found above. [1]:Constitution Article 8 The state flag is a rectangular flag with a red ground upon which there is a white Latin cross. "We hope this will re-establish unity in the order and increase its ability to serve the poor and the sick," Tomasi said. From there, the defense of the Christian world required the organization of a naval force; so the Order built a powerful fleet and sailed the eastern Mediterranean, fighting battles for the sake of Christendom, including Crusades in Syria and Egypt. The Knights of Malta were (and still are - more on that below) a religious (Roman Catholic) and military order under its own Papal charter, that was established in the 11th century. Some members may also display the Maltese cross behind their shield instead of the ribbon. [33], The Order experienced a leadership crisis beginning in December 2016, when Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager protested his removal as Grand Chancellor by Grand Master Fra' Matthew Festing. The Order remained without a territory of its own until 1530, when Grand Master Fra' Philippe de Villiers de l'Isle Adam took possession of the island of Malta, granted to the order by Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and his mother Queen Joanna of Castile as monarchs of Sicily, with the approval of Pope Clement VII, for which the order had to honour the conditions of the Tribute of the Maltese Falcon.[20]. [9] The Order employs about 52,000 doctors, nurses, auxiliaries and paramedics assisted by 95,000 volunteers in more than 120 countries, assisting children, homeless, disabled, elderly, and terminally ill people, refugees, and lepers around the world without distinction of ethnicity or religion. It has diplomatic relations with 110 states and permanent observer status at the United Nations, allowing to act as a neutral party in relief efforts in war zones. Exclusive news, data and analytics for financial market professionals, Reporting by Philip Pullella, Editing by Louise Heavens, Putin visits two regions in Ukraine, Russia presses assault on Bakhmut, Putin visits Russian-controlled Ukraine to discuss war with senior general, Russia increases shelling, air strikes in Bakhmut - Ukrainian general, G7 ministers stress unity amid tensions with China and Russia, U.S. IRS clears massive backlog of unprocessed paper tax returns, Romania next in east Europe to look at Ukraine grain import ban. Other vehicles of the Order receive Italian license plates with the prefix SMOM. Bonaparte, aware that such a procedure would take a very long time and would leave his forces vulnerable to British Admiral Horatio Nelson, immediately ordered a cannon fusillade against Malta. [43], In May 2017, the Order named Mauro Bertero Gutirrez, a Bolivian member of the Government Council, to lead its constitutional reform process. [107] As Italy recognizes, in addition to extraterritoriality, the exercise by SMOM of all the prerogatives of sovereignty in its headquarters, Italian sovereignty and SMOM sovereignty uniquely coexist without overlapping. The industry leader for online information for tax, accounting and finance professionals. These include a number of mimic orders,[15] including Masonic and non-Catholic organizations. The keyhole of the Knights of Malta is one of the city's more intriguing off-the-beaten-path sights. those who do not have proof of noble birth) now may make the Promise of Obedience and, at the discretion of the Grand Master and Sovereign Council, may enter the novitiate to become professed Knights of Justice. with easy fixing sliders to enable fixing onto your current back cap. [1/2]Members of the Order of the Knights of Malta arrive in St. Peter Basilica for their 900th anniversary in Vatican February 9, 2013. The previous constitution prescribed that, after being elected, the head of state of the Order of Malta, that is to say the Grand Master, must be approved by the Pope, the new wording in the constitution only prescribes that after election the Grand Master shall inform the Pope of his election. [1]:Constitution Article 26 It includes the Grand Master (or Lieutenant), the Grand Commander, and five Councilors elected by the Chapter of the Professed. Photo Credit: Order of Malta website. In the late 18th century, the Knights of Malta were experiencing drastic financial difficulties. While the International Telecommunication Union has granted radio identification prefixes to the United Nations and the Palestinian Authority, the Order has never received one. [note 1] Through its worldwide relief corps, Malteser International, the order aids victims of natural disasters, epidemics and war. We uphold all laws and cross-border regulations. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a centuries-old organization that conducts humanitarian missions around the world. When Napoleon invaded Malta, the Knights of Malta split into two sections: The Sovereign Hospitallers Order of Saint John (Our Sovereign Order). From its beginning, independence from other nations granted by pontifical charter and the universally recognised right to maintain and deploy armed forces constituted grounds for the international sovereignty of the Order, which minted its own coins and maintained diplomatic relations with other states. The Masonic ceremony of Installation of a Knight of Malta is a very colourful one which includes . By Philip Pullella. History of the Knights of Malta The Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem, called of Rhodes, called of Malta (generally known as the Order of Malta), came into existence between c. 1080 when a hospital for pilgrims was established in Jerusalem near the Abbey of St Mary of the Latins, and 1113, when the hospital, its administrators and dependencies were recognized by . The constitution of the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Crusades obliged the order to take on the military defence of the sick, the pilgrims, and the captured territories. He received various awards from Lions Clubs International (LCI) including its "Centennial Award" and "International . The Reformation which split Western Europe into Protestant and Catholic states affected the knights as well. The Knights of Malta-Vatican feud: a tale of chivalry and sovereignty. Franz von Papen as a prisoner of war in 1945, next to an American military police. The connection between the Holy See and the Order of Malta was seen as so close as to call into question the actual sovereignty of the order as a separate entity. [8] Until the 1990s, the highest classes of membership, including officers, required proof of noble lineage. [81] The existence of the nuns is not mentioned in the Constitutional Charter or the Code of the Order. Mission. In 1959 Von Papen was made a Knight of Malta and awarded the Grand Cross by the Pope in Rome. The order thus added the task of defending the faith to that of its hospitaller mission. Donats (male and female) of Devotion. The members of the Second Class, by virtue of the Promise of Obedience, are committed to living according to Christian principles and the inspiring principles of the Order. Knights of Malta National Institutions FAQ Sources of law. They are subdivided into three categories: Knights and Dames of Honour and Devotion in Obedience These aircraft were operated by Italian Air Force personnel temporarily flying for the Order, carried the Order's roundels on the fuselage and Italian ones on the wings, and were used mainly for standard Italian Air Force training and transport missions but also for some humanitarian tasks proper of the Order of Malta (like the transport of sick pilgrims to the Lourdes sanctuary). See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. This unit provided medical support to the Italian Army and on 9 April 1909 the military corps officially became a special auxiliary volunteer corps of the Italian Army under the name Corpo Militare dell'Esercito dell'ACISMOM (Army Military Corps of the ACISMOM), wearing Italian uniforms. Epidemics and war but in reality, the four islands were sold to the French India... 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And awarded the Grand Master L & # x27 ; s more intriguing off-the-beaten-path sights since.

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