For the system shown in the given figure: b. e. Dissolution or melting of low temperature minerals, Previously existing rock changes in composition and texture, What is the difference between heat and temperature? a. hydrothermal fluids The continents float in the upper mantle due to a form of buoyancy known as __________. e. Putting events in order from first to last, Matching up rocks of similar properties in different regions, Which of the following are ways of correlating rocks? B) Volcanoes The Wasatch Mountains of Utah The pilot steers from the starboard observers seat while watching several video feeds. c. deep-sea trenches A) hotspots B) guyots C) tablemounts D) mantle plumes E) seamounts E) seamounts Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat-topped because of wave erosion are called ________. Why? d. High-grade metamorphic rocks e. Extrusive igneous rock, What materials can be used to give an accurate and absolute age date to the deposition of of sedimentary rock sequences? e. is mostly granite, At __________ plate boundaries, tectonic plates collide. They live in strangely beautiful stands, where they grow to over 6 feet (1.8 meters) long. B) Mendocino Fault Director of Photographer William Reeve took the first dive, and over the next 17 he and Low would alternate. Williams recalls a particularly memorable dive: As we flew forward Bill kept saying, Dont stop. At _________, plate material is incorporated into the mantle and recycled. Most earthquakes take place ___________. Lithospheric plates_____________. c. Lava flow e. Tall mountains collapse tectonically over time, and the roots of these mountains are metamorphosed. A) decreases in proportion to the distance d. consist of coral overlying volcanic rock e. often are natural extensions of existing rivers, Features of the deep ocean basins include __________. Hawaiian volcanoes are caused by a hot spot that brings up mantle material from deep inside the earth. b. The images shot during the production of Volcanoes of the Deep Sea have helped confirm the connection, yet the builder of these strange, hexagonal forms remains a mystery. Since then, dozens of vents have been found along the Mid-Ocean Ridge in the Atlantic and the Pacific. c. Because they taste really good and smell really good. But these are not the same types of clams youre likely to find in a chowder. e. Base isolated steel. H2SS+2e+2H+, SO2+4e+2H2OS+4OH\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 } + 4 e ^ { - } + 2 \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \longrightarrow \mathrm { S } + 4 \mathrm { OH } ^ { - } b. Biologist and Volcanoes of the Deep Sea Science Director Richard Lutz did a Pacific dive in 1991 at 9N, a site that had clearly just experienced a catastrophic volcanic eruption. A) The oceanic pattern of alternating reversals of Earth's magnetic field. c. locations of continental margins Rise from as deep in the mantle as the core-mantle boundary to the surface of the Earth, bringing up heat and feeding volcanoes. e. None of the above is correct. Entertainment Today, More Light than Ever. Especially rich in iron and other things that would get between silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, compared to most melted rocks. St. Helens and similar volcanoes make giant explosive eruptions that throw bus-sized blocks, but Kilauea in Hawaii usually doesn't (although rarely, water flashing to steam may move some big things!). In 1999, with a series of dives scheduled at a deep-sea vent site Lutz was studying, the group saw a window of opportunityand took the plunge. The fossils preserve, in intricate detail, the hexagonal pattern of tunnels that underlie the holes first spotted by Peter Rona on the floor of the Atlantic. A) your fingernails grow d. Dividing up rock layers into new ones based on mineral content Lutz says Volcanoes of the Deep Sea gives us a vision of the deep that weve never had before truly its a Hubble telescope for inner space.. D) Mariana Trench Mt. B) is a continental transform fault The vents are unlike any other region on the planet. a. e. 20 mm, Deep ocean sediments are thickest where the underlying crust is _________. d. Earth's gravitational attraction And suddenly were saying thats not the only place life is, notes filmmaker Stephen Low. E) transform faults, Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries? Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. c. directed stress d. Ash flow E) The Atlantic Ocean, Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at the mid-ocean ridge and________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts of the crust. During those years, Low and his team worked closely with members of the deep-sea science and exploration community to develop the project and create a method to light the ocean far superior to anything ever before used. Picture II shows a hot-spot-type shield volcano, and picture I shows a subduction-zone-type stratovolcano. e. Oxides, Which mineral property involves observing the powdered color of a mineral? e. heat from pluton, What stratigraphic principle is most directly used to determine relative age among different kinds of geologic events You get in your Magic School Bus, drive down the throat of a volcano, and find that you are driving through melted rock that flows with much greater difficulty than does most melted rock, because the melted rock you are driving through is lumpier than typical for melted rock. Correct! E) an oceanic-oceanic divergent. d. 3 meters These underwater chimneys spew out huge black plumes. e. Slow, then fast, Which rock composition has the least amount of silica? Picture I is the glorious stratovolcano Lassen Peak, in the Cascades of northern California, and picture II is the shield volcano of Mauna Loa, on the island of Hawaii. Feedback: a. Quartz d. hot spot E) Paleomagnetism, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Higher silica makes the magma more viscous, How is magma generated in the earth? d. Both made by erosion [1] d. silt, sand, clay, boulder, pebble, cobble Mt. Where the direct seismic waves combine with the waves reflecting from the earth's core b. A) Oceanic trench b. Intrusive igneous rock Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (black smokers) are located at what plate boundary? C) Mariana Trench Mt. Materials that were raised along faults, as we saw last week near Bryce, and materials that were shoved under the faulted materials as melted intrusions. C) an oceanic-continental convergent Finding dazzling communities of creatures living in an ecosystem that doesnt rely on sunlight has overturned fundamental assumptions about the origins of life. C) Frederick Vine d. continental-continental E) remains the same, B) increases in proportion to the distance, The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ________. Cameron was to become an early investor in Volcanoes of the Deep Sea. d. Sediments are buried in deep depositional basins where diagenesis extends to changes in minerals. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Add to that water pressure that can easily reach 3500 pounds per square inch (240 atmospheres) and you have what youd expect to be a completely toxic, lifeless environment. d. mafic Evaluate Cydx+zdy+xdz\int_{C} y d x+z d y+x d zCydx+zdy+xdz on the given curve C between (0, 0, 0) and (6, 8, 5). Air (assumed to be 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen) is heated in a steady-state process at a constant pressure of 100 kPa, and some NO is formed (disregard dissociations of N2 and O2). B) an oceanic transform c. boulder, clay, silt, cobble, pebble, sand Volcanoes of the Deep Sea takes the audience to the coast of Spain where a unique hexagonal fossil pattern is being recovered from the rugged cliffs by eminent German geologist and paleontologist Dr. Dolf Seilacher. e. divergent. a. Sulfates d. Unreinforced masonry Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much hostile criticism and ridicule from the scientific community because of which of the following? Rona recalls an excited Seilacher telling him the discovery on the ocean floor was virtually identical to the fossil form Paleodictyon that he had described seeing in ancient sediments. Trapped in layers of ancient sedimented seafloor, the fossils had, over millions of years, been thrust up on a section of Spanish seacoast. e. Ideas about ancient landscapes, What is metamorphism? Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________. d. softness The bacteria grow on the shrimps backs, making for a convenient meal for neighboring shrimp. A) asthenosphere; lithosphere A team of geologists went down to a depth of 8,250 feet (2,515 meters) in the 3-person submersible Alvin (the same sub used by the Volcanoes of the Deep Sea crew). If you find a rock with distinct foliation, how was this rock metamorphosed? The only region where both winds and ocean currents flow unimpeded around the world is the, The ocean, atmosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere interact with the geosphere via Earth's, b. is a rigid layer composed of both the crust and the upper portion of the mantle. Oceanography show, produced especially for release in conjunction with Volcanoes of the Deep Sea.The episode, called 'Voyage to the Abyss,' features the story of9on, a jaw-dropping place that Dr. Richard Lutz, Volcanoes of the Deep Sea Science Director, has visited almost every year since 1991 to observe vents growing and changing over time. a. convergent Especially rich in water and carbon dioxide compared to most melted rocks. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. e. All of the above are correct. With some funding in place from the National Science Foundation and investment by The Stephen Low Company, the team began shooting in late 1999, testing a new lighting array and camera configuration on the deep sea submersible Alvin. b. Weathering fragments igneous rock exposed to the elements at Earth's surface. A) Mesosauras b. Topographic expression b. Atlantic For another, each one can be as large as a dinner plate. What happened here? A) San Andreas Fault Are found only under continents. a. E) a continental-continental divergent, The Red Sea is an example of ________ plate boundary. c. Calcite a. near the centers of major lithospheric plates c. High-grade metamorphic a. Why? d. 25 million years A fault is a fracture with movement; a joint is a fracture with no movement. Where on earth are strike-slip faults most common? e. The largest fossils in an area Fast But the deep ocean is different. a. c. used as evidence in support of the theory of plate tectonics Synopsis. Three years later, at the same site, Lutz found a huge chimney that had risen 33 feet (10 meters) from the ocean floor in that short period of time. I think it was the last shot of the day.. Are found only under oceans. d. Changing from a larva to a full-grown adult Volcanoes of the Deep Sea represents a unique opportunity for students and educators to explore one of the great frontiers of science and someof the worlds most extraordinary habitats. Both rounded by grains Hot spots are associated with __________. b. Titanica pioneered the use of HMI lights underwater, offering the best views yet of the ocean floor. But they have to be careful: a shrimp that gets too close can wind up instantly roasted. c. Both made by organisms Grand Prize, Best Film of the YearVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; La Gode Film Festival, Paris, 2004, Kodak Vision AwardVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Giant Screen Theater Association (GSTA), 2004, Special Achievement in Film AwardVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Giant Screen Theater Association (GSTA), 2004, Honorable Mention for Educational ValueVolcanoes of the Deep Sea 6th Annual Montana CINE International Festival, Missoula, Montana, 2009, International Finalist, Marine and Earth SciencesVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Blue Ocean Film Festival, Savannah, Georgia, 2009, Honorable Mention, Ocean Exploration and AdventureVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Blue Ocean Film Festival, Savannah, Georgia, 2009, Honorable Mention, Marine Animal BehaviorVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Blue Ocean Film Festival, Savannah, Georgia, 2009, Best Scientific Exploration FilmVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; The Explorers Club Documentary Film Festival, New York, NY, 2007, Scientific Literacy Achievement AwardVolcanoes of the Deep Sea; Association for Biomedical Reasearch, 2005, Illuminates the dark world of the vents as never before Forward! So I thought it must be looking good, but I couldnt see what he was seeing. a. float on the asthenosphere b. e. Inside collision zone like the Himalaya, Fracture zones adjacent to midocean ridges, When a positively-charged sodium ion is chemically bonded with a negatively-charged chlorine ion to make sodium chloride (i.e. Also along on the month-long cruise are six members of the films education outreach program a testament to the importance of education in the project. oldest creatures on earth. Poisonous Gardens. A Rydberg hydrogen atom makes a downward transition to the n=225n=225n=225 state, emitting a 9.32eV9.32~\mu \mathrm{eV}9.32eV photon. At the heart of Volcanoes of the Deep Sea are hydrothermal ventscommunities of life thriving in the most extreme environment on Earth. E) Aleutian Islands, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. A) convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic) a. SELECT THREE THAT APPLY a. b. Earthquakes make sound waves that go through the whole Earth, and go slower through hotter, less-dense rocks. a. I had to recalculate where I was going, and what I had seen of the chimneys in front of us and below us and keep flying until he ran out of film. b. earthquakes Hydrothermal vents and circulation are usually associated with ___________. B) Lepidodendron d. Rock is metamorphosed due to decreasing temperature and declining pressure. B) the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor. The vents have provided a window into the interior of the Earth and insight into the planets dynamic nature. D) Alfred Wegener c. Fracture zones adjacent to midocean ridges identify a mechanism capable of moving continents. It is likely that the melted rock you are driving through is: c. carbon He says these vent environments are toxic to over 99% of the organisms that live in the ocean. Sediments are buried in deep depositional basins where diagenesis extends to changes in minerals. What are hydrothermal vents? Picture II shows a subduction-zone-type flood basalt, and picture I shows a hot-spot-type stratovolcano. a. sedimentary d. Atlantic Ocean, Red Sea, African Rift Valley The first-ever vent expedition knew they were on to something completely new when they saw swarms of white crabs all around as they approached their first vent. d. relatively wide continental shelves Over 12,000 feet below the surface, the Alvin pilot carefully works the sub through eerie towers rising up from the ocean floor and black smoker vents spewing mineral-laden fluid superheated to hundreds of degrees. e. subduction, Mid-ocean ridges are associated with __________. St. Helens is a low-silica, quietly erupting shield volcano, and Hawaii has medium-to-high-silica, explosively erupting stratovolcanoes. Here, the ocean floor is spreading as lava emerges up from the depths and cools, creating new crust. d. along the east coast of South America a. d. hot spot plate boundaries How much electric enepby in kWh\mathrm{kWh}kWh does the water heater use each month? c. Elevation The tubeworms provide an ideal environment for the bacteria, which, in turn, provide nutrients for the tubeworms. d. Fossil succession c. igneous E) Oceanic trench, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. The Volcanoes of the Deep Sea giant screen experience is an immersive introduction to this fantastic world of discovery. The worlds highest rate of volcanic activity lies along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, an underwater mountain range that circles the globe like a huge zipper. b. grain size, composition D) The mid-ocean ridge rises more than 2.5 kilometers above the surrounding deep-ocean floor. D) Glossopteris. e. That all minerals form beautiful, visible crystals in the right conditions. a. Hardness They typically form in locations where one tectonic plate subducts under another. Where the seismic energy of the earthquake is concentrated a. D) mantle plumes A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ___. Plants use energy from sunlight to manufacture complex carbohydrates, which are transferred to other creatures when they eat the plants (and to animals that, in turn, eat the creatures that eat the plants). a. hardness B) Distribution of earthquakes b. C) Aleutian Islands a. Indian Explain these results. d. Variable A) subduction zones (Even scientists at the leading edge of vent research are seeing this environment as they have never seen it before). Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory? The explosions of molten rock were spectacular. D) Mendocino Fault b. divergent plate boundaries Rutgers biologist Dr. Richard Lutz recognized the tremendous value to science and public education that capturing these habitats using the IMAX camera would mean. The research vessel Atlantis pulls out of the Azores. They have since been found in the Atlantic, Indian and Arctic oceans. B) There was no correlation of rocks found in adjacent positions on matching continents 100-200 mm e. The place with the most damage and/or highest toll of human injury, Where the actual rupture of rock occurs in the subsurface producing the earthquake, Which seismic wave type travels the fastest? continental collision zone between Africa and the Zagros The reason the story is so good is that the locations are really spectacular if you can throw enough light out far enough, says Low. E) an oceanic-oceanic divergent, The Peru Chile Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary. If half-life of the radioactive material is 100 million years, then how old is the mineral? St. Helens is a stratovolcano, but stratovolcanoes are steep, not broad and flat. Its as if it were stamped into the ocean floor with a cookie cutter. Are these strange formations caused by the same creature that formed Seilachers fossils millions of years ago? Whatever light we can shine on the vents, literally and educationally thats the whole purpose of the expedition and the movie. While outer space has long captured the public imagination, the deep ocean is a wild and unknown frontier right here on our own planet and less than one percent of it has been explored. New Jersey B) San Andreas Fault D) Red Sea The vent sites featured in the film have a vital connection: they are all located on the mid-ocean ridge, a mountainous, volcanically active cleft in the earths crust that snakes through the depths of the worlds oceans. e. Cleavage, What luster determination is a common starting point for mineral identification? d. limestone Determine the ground-state electron configuration of the following atoms: c. A fault results from tension; a joint results from compression. On land, in fresh water and in the not-so-deep ocean, the key to life is photosynthesis. A) is associated with deep focus earthquakes The lack of light in the deep ocean also means that it is very cold down there; below about 200 meters (656 feet) depth, ocean waters have an average temperature of only 4C (39F). Chuck Wilson L.A. Weekly, Youll be amazed e. Sedimentary rock, A rock stratum is tiled noticeably from horizontal. a. eroded by turbidity currents How does the silica content affect the behavior of the magma? Small pieces thrown through the air, and frozen "waterfalls" of lava that flowed quietly before freezing. Lately, much attention has been focused on Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter. 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